Chapter 1
1 Pensionable age is 65 for men, 60 for women until 2010; between 2010 and 2020 pensionable age for women rises to 65. Between 2024 and 2026 the pensionable age for both men and women increases to 66 and changes again, in two further steps, to 68 by 2046.
Chapter 3
1 The TFR estimates the total number of children a cohort of women would have if they all went through their childbearing years following the average age-specific birth rates in effect for a particular time.
2 We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of our co-researchers to the findings presented in this chapter: Kathryn Backett-Milburn, George Bouliotis, Paul Boyle, Catherine Bromley, Ian Dey, John Ermisch, Zhiqiang Feng, Vernon Gayle and Fran Wasoff.
3 For further information see Graham, Elspeth (2007) ‘Why is fertility in Scotland lower than in England?’ Full Research Report (RES-342-25-0003), ESRC Society Today (www.esrc.ac.uk)
4 For further information see Dey, Ian (2007) ‘Fertility Variations: Socio-Cultural Attitudes and Interactions’ Full Research Report (RES-342-25-0015), ESRC Society Today (www.esrc.ac.uk)
5 The maps of fertility variations in Scotland use data from vital registration records and the 2001 Census of Scotland for small areas (CATTs). They can be found in Boyle et al. 2007.
6 The term "safety zone" is used by McDonald (2006) to refer to TFRs below replacement level but above 1.5.births per women. He argues that when fertility is in this zone, moderately below replacement level, the size of the subsequent generation will fall only slowly and that there is an opportunity to supplement generation size with migration. However, when TFR falls below 1.5 and remains below the "safety zone", generation size will fall rapidly and very substantial migration would be required to offset population decline.